Shell decided to close the refining centre in , throwing hundreds out of work and causing an increased dependence on foreign refineries for eastern Canada.
Montreal was referred to as "Canada's Cultural Capital" by Monocle magazine. Montreal's many cultural communities have given it a distinct local culture. As a North American city, Montreal shares many cultural characteristics with the rest of the continent. It has a tradition of producing both jazz and rock music. The city has also produced much talent in the fields of visual arts, theatre, music, and dance. Yet, being at the confluence of the French and the English traditions, Montreal has developed a unique and distinguished cultural face. Another distinctive characteristic of cultural life is the vibrancy of its downtown, particularly during summer, prompted by cultural and social events, including its more than annual festivals, the largest being the Montreal International Jazz Festival which is the largest jazz festival in the world.
A cultural heart of classical art and the venue for many summer festivals, the Place des Arts is a complex of different concert and theatre halls surrounding a large square in the eastern portion of downtown. Place des Arts has the headquarters of one of the world's foremost orchestras, the Montreal Symphony Orchestra.
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Internationally recognized avant-garde dance troupes such as Compagnie Marie Chouinard , La La La Human Steps , O Vertigo , and the Fondation Jean-Pierre Perreault have toured the world and worked with international popular artists on videos and concerts. The unique choreography of these troupes has paved the way for the success of the world-renowned Cirque du Soleil. Nicknamed la ville aux cent clochers the city of a hundred steeples , Montreal is renowned for its churches. As Mark Twain noted, "This is the first time I was ever in a city where you couldn't throw a brick without breaking a church window.
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The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the second largest copper dome in the world, after Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. The most popular sport is ice hockey. The Canadiens' most recent Stanley Cup victory came in They have major rivalries with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Boston Bruins , both of which are also Original Six hockey teams, and with the Ottawa Senators , the closest team geographically. The Canadiens have played at the Bell Centre since Prior to that they played at the Montreal Forum.
Late season and playoff games are played at the much larger, enclosed Olympic Stadium, which also played host to the Grey Cup. The Alouettes have won the Grey Cup seven times, most recently in The Alouettes has had two periods on hiatus. Montreal has a storied baseball history. The city was the home of the minor-league Montreal Royals of the International League until In Jackie Robinson broke the baseball colour barrier with the Royals in an emotionally difficult year; Robinson was forever grateful for the local fans' fervent support.
They played their games at Jarry Park until moving into Olympic Stadium in After 36 years in Montreal, the team relocated to Washington, D. The Montreal Impact are the city's professional soccer team. They play at a soccer-specific stadium called Saputo Stadium. In , the race was dropped from the Formula One calendar, to the chagrin of some fans, [] but the Canadian Grand Prix returned to the Formula 1 calendar in Uniprix Stadium , built in on the site of Jarry Park, is used for the Rogers Cup men's and women's tennis tournaments.
The men's and women's tournaments alternate between Montreal and Toronto every year. Montreal was the host of the Summer Olympic Games. Montreal and the National Basketball Association NBA have been in early discussions for an expansion franchise located in the city. Montreal is Canada's second-largest media market, and the centre of francophone Canada's media industry. Montreal has numerous weekly tabloids and community newspapers serving various neighbourhoods, ethnic groups and schools. The head of the city government in Montreal is the mayor, who is first among equals in the city council.
The city council is a democratically elected institution and is the final decision-making authority in the city, although much power is centralized in the executive committee. The council consists of 65 members from all boroughs. The council is required to supervise, standardize or approve certain decisions made by the borough councils. Reporting directly to the council, the executive committee exercises decision-making powers similar to those of the cabinet in a parliamentary system and is responsible for preparing various documents including budgets and by-laws , submitted to the council for approval.
The decision-making powers of the executive committee cover, in particular, the awarding of contracts or grants, the management of human and financial resources, supplies and buildings. It may also be assigned further powers by the city council.
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Standing committees are the prime instruments for public consultation. They are responsible for the public study of pending matters and for making the appropriate recommendations to the council. They also review the annual budget forecasts for departments under their jurisdiction. A public notice of meeting is published in both French and English daily newspapers at least seven days before each meeting.
All meetings include a public question period. The standing committees, of which there are seven, have terms lasting two years.
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In addition, the City Council may decide to create special committees at any time. Each standing committee is made up of seven to nine members, including a chairman and a vice-chairman. The members are all elected municipal officers, with the exception of a representative of the government of Quebec on the public security committee. The president of the CMM is the mayor of Montreal. Montreal is the seat of the judicial district of Montreal, which includes the city and the other communities on the island. The overall crime rate in Montreal has declined, with a few notable exceptions, with murders at the lowest rate since 23 murders in The education system in Quebec is different from other systems in North America.
Between high school which ends at grade 11 and university students must go through an additional school called CEGEP. CEGEPs offer pre-university 2-years and technical 3-years programs. Pearson School Board. Like many major cities, Montreal has a problem with vehicular traffic congestion. Commuting traffic from the cities and towns in the West Island such as Dollard-des-Ormeaux and Pointe-Claire is compounded by commuters entering the city that use twenty-four road crossings from numerous off-island suburbs on the North and South Shores.
The width of the Saint Lawrence River has made the construction of fixed links to the south shore expensive and difficult. There are presently four road bridges including two of the country's busiest along with one bridge-tunnel, two railway bridges, and a Metro line.
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Many of these Autoroutes are frequently congested at rush hour. One such example is the extension of Quebec Autoroute 30 on Montreal's south shore, which will serve as a bypass. Public local transport is served by a network of buses, subways, and commuter trains that extend across and off the island.
The STM bus network consists of daytime and 23 nighttime routes. STM bus routes serve 1,, passengers on an average weekday in It was the first time a Canadian company won this prize. The Metro was inaugurated in and has 68 stations on four lines. The Metro system has long had a station on the South Shore in Longueuil , and in was extended to the city of Laval, north of Montreal, with three new stations.
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Montreal has two international airports, one for passengers only, the other for cargo. It is one of Air Canada's major hubs and operates on average approximately 2, flights per week between Montreal and destinations, spread on five continents. Amtrak , the U. All intercity trains and most commuter trains operate out of Central Station. Since , The Canadian has terminated in Toronto.
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Montreal-based Canadian National Railways CN was formed in by the Canadian government following a series of country-wide rail bankruptcies. It was eliminated in in favour of rerouting The Canadian. The commuter rail system is managed and operated by Exo , and reaches the outlying areas of Greater Montreal with six lines.
To be opened in three phases as of , the REM will be completed by mid, becoming the fourth largest automated rapid transit network after the Dubai Metro , the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit , and the Vancouver SkyTrain. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.